Of course, data viz—i.e., the art and science of using common (or increasingly innovative) visual metaphors to help represent and elucidate data—has been around for decades. Seminal data viz research took place during the 1970s, when Herman Chernoff used facial representations to better elucidate trends in multidimensional data. The textbook use-case for Chernoff faces involved a representation of living conditions in a major metropolitan area, using happy faces (with other signifiers, such as arched eyebrows, eccentric head shapes, and so on) to represent additional aspects or trends.